Sparta Uncultured Discipline Essay examples - 1716 Words

Sparta: Uncultured Discipline nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Spartans were the most formidable warriors in all of history. They dedicated their entire lives to warfare. They were taught to endure cold, hunger, pain, their courage on the battlefield was second to none. The Spartan code was to fight hard, follow orders without question and to die rather then retreat or surrender. To achieve all this, Sparta sacrificed everything; the arts, culture, and other things that make life worth while. I believe the price was to high they went to far and shut off all that was creative and human in Sparta. A culture that cant change or adapt doesnt survive. This is exactly what happened , after a single major defeat in 360 B.C Sparta was no†¦show more content†¦50). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These wars were the turning point of Spartan history, nearly half a century of conflict had made the Spartans very warlike. It seemed to them if they ever relaxed their guard even a bit, the helots would rise again. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Spartans went to excessively great extremes in order to make sure this wouldnt happen. At age seven a boy would be taken from his family and given military training., his true home was his barracks, his family, his unit. They hardened their bodies with countless drills and savage games, they were taught to steal and live of off the land. A young soldier was whipped as punishment or to make him more resistant to pain. At age 20 he was finally allowed to marry but was still in military service. Only when he was 60 was he allowed to retire from the army (National Geographic Society, 1968, p. 178). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To a Spartan warrior surrender was unthinkable, even death was preferable. To flee a soldier had to throw down his heavy shield (which would slow him down), if he died he would be carried home, with honor, on his shield. For this reason Spartan mothers instructed their sons to return form a battle quot;with their shield or on themquot; (V.M Hillyer, E.G Huey, 1966, p. 27) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the functions of the Spartan system was to rid the state of weaklings. At birth each childShow MoreRelatedSparta A City Filled With Uncultured Discipline1219 Words   |  5 PagesSparta a city filled with uncultured discipline, a city that was filled with the most relentless warriors of all time, the Spartans. The Spartans dedicated their lives to combat and training. Spartan children were removed from the homes of their parents at the age of 7 to begin their training called agoge , which was a military style training regimen to craft and mold them into the warriors the once were. They were trained to endure the worst of elements and trained to overcome cold, hunger andRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1543 Words   |  7 Pageshis readers that the Ibo were civilized. Achebe writes about how it was a practice for Ibo women to leave twins in the Evil Forest to die. Many people saw this as uncivilized and barbaric, forgetting the fact that th eir own â€Å"civilized† ancestors in Sparta commonly killed children and ill-born babies who were not fit for their grueling and sometimes barbaric lifestyle. In addition to the fact that Achebe does not effectively show the Ibo were civilized, he shows that men in the clan could beat their

Essay on Race in Silkos Ceremony - 628 Words

Ceremony Throughout Ceremony, the author, Leslie Silko, displays the internal struggle that the American Indians faced at that time in history. She displays this struggle between good and evil in several parts of the book. One is the myth explaining the origin of the white man. As common in Indian cultures they create a myth to explain why the white people came to them. The author begins to show the Indians feeling of hopelessness by showing in the myth, on pages 132 - 138, that there was no way the Indians could stop the white people from destroying the Indian culture. â€Å"Entire tribes will die out, covered with jestered sores, shitting blood, vomiting blood.† (pg. 137) The myth says that the white people will cause chaos,†¦show more content†¦They believe this because to a certain point it is true. Many Indians do drink at bars but that is because they do not have much else to do because there is no good land to plant on and nothing to feed the cattle with. The w hite people had no respect for the Indians Even Tayo himself believes in part of the stereotype. Before he thought a white man would steal his cattle he thought that an Indian or a Mexican would have done it. He himself believed in the lies that the white man has started about the Native Americans. Although he finally realizes what they are a learns to hate them. The lies about the Indians just hide the lies about the white man and Tayo believes that the lies will destroy the white man. Because of all this prejudice and the living conditions of the Indians they feel hopeless that they can not do anything to better their lives. Beign war veterans does not help it only make them feel worse. All they do is drink to try to get away from all of it. In the end they end up destroying themselves. Because of all of the pain they were holding in. The only one of them who saw what was really happening was Tayo and he is the only one that makes it. In Conclusion the author, Leslie Silko, displa ys the poverty and hopelessness that the Native Americans faced because of the white man. The Author elaborates this feeling of hopelessness in the Indians myth explaining the origin of the white man. As a resultShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Leslie Marmon Silkos Ceremony1138 Words   |  5 PagesBeing mixed-race often involves issues relating to identity. It is especially challenging for Tayo, the protagonist of Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony, because of his half-white and half-Native American identity. Ceremony takes place in the American Southwest during the early 20th century, where Tayo is looked down upon by both white and Laguna Indian society because of the taboo nature of racial mixing, as well as his refusal to fully embrace either group. The racial tensions between these two groupsRead MoreLeslie Marmon Silko Ceremony Analysis1180 Words   |  5 PagesIn Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony, Tayo, the novel’s protagonist, describes the instance before his br other, Rocky, died by stating that â€Å"the wind swept down †¦ [and whipped] the rain into gray waves that blinded him† (11). The ability of the wind to blind Tayo demonstrates its powerful abilities to distort and individual’s perception. Furthermore, Rocky’s death is a moment that disturbs Tayo throughout the entirety of the novel and can be perceived as one of the main factors that caused his illnessRead More Ruth Benedict’s Ethnography of Pueblo Culture, Patterns of Culture, and Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Ceremony2361 Words   |  10 Pages– Silko amp; Benedict As noted in the response by Janet Tallman, there are three main themes concerning Ruth Benedict’s ethnography of Pueblo culture, Patterns of Culture, and Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Ceremony. Both detail the importance of matrilineage, harmony and balance versus change, and ceremonies to the Pueblo Indians. It is important to note that Silko gives the reader a first-hand perspective of this lifestyle (she was raised in the Laguna Pueblo Reservation), while Benedict’s book isRead MoreAnalysis Of Being A Half Breed By Leslie Marmon1849 Words   |  8 PagesLeslie Marmon Silko’s novel, Ceremony, reveals how the crossing of cultures was feared, ridiculed, and shunned in various Native American tribes. The fear of change is a common and overwhelming fear everyone faces at some point in their life. The fear of the unknown, the fear of letting go, and the fear of forgetting all play a part in why people struggle with change. In Ceremony the crossing of culture s creates â€Å"half-breeds,† usually bringing disgrace to their family’s name. In Jodi Lundgren’s discourseRead MoreLegacy of Leslie Marmon Silko Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pages(Hunter, 2006). Each tribe may have variations in style depending the particular tribe, however they all share common themes. The themes of the stories describe their passion to honor the earth, awareness of spiritual influences, the significance of ceremony and ritual traditions and the â€Å"the power to teach, heal and reflect† (PBS, 2004). The stories also include myth, healers and interconnect spiritual and practical issues (Hunter, 2006). They believe their storytelling tradition provides directionRead More Pocahontas and the Mythical Indian Woman Essay5406 Words   |  22 Pageshealers but while they keep their positions as saviors of men, Indian women are illustrated saving Indian men rather than white males. Whereas the Indian women previously saved white men from the savages of their own tribe, they are now saving their own race from the destruction of the white world. Native women healing sick Indian men recurs as a common theme throughout multiple Native novels. Furthermore, it is generally the men who are spiritually or mentally sick: few emotionally ill women are portrayedRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s The Sound And The Fury2036 Words   |  9 Pagesuneven literary landscape is emphasized through Ceremony by Leslie Marmon Silko and The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner, as these authors merge two distinct novels into the same time period in which their co-existence should not be possible, but somehow is. As American literature evolves, the limitations that were once set upon authors disappear, ultimately creating an uneven literary landscape as seen through The Sound and the Fury and Ceremony. On one hand, Faulkner’s novel divulges the realityRead MoreThe Conscious Vs. Unconscious Theory1839 Words   |  8 Pagesslip into the forefront of our minds by hook and by crook† (70). Ceremony is a book written by Leslie Marmon Silko that is the story of Tayo, who is a veteran of the World War II. In this book, Silko tells a story of Tayo how he suffers from a battle fatigue, how he struggles with this fatigue and how he challenges his mixed-race role in the Native American society after returning from the Pacific war. With the help of a ceremony and Tayo’s strong mind that does not give up easily, he is able toRead MoreExploration of the Divergent Cultural Relationships with Land in Leslie Marmon Silkos Ceremony1778 Words   |  8 PagesExploration of the Divergent Cultural Relationships with Land in Leslie Marmon Silkos Ceremony In her novel, Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko uncovers the innumerable contrasts of the white ranchers and the Native Americans. The natives feel helpless as the whites spill themselves upon the contiguous hillsides and valleys. The commanding whites steal the land which had never before belonged to any single entity. Unable to retain their land, the Native Americans can only continue

Organizational Behaviour for Leadership- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behaviour for Motivation andLeadership. Answer: Stereotype means a permanent idea of something or someone. Sometimes it's better to believe in stereotype than to enter into a relationship with someone without knowing their culture, ethics or even beliefs. Stereotyping people sometimes is good because this is what can be seen in a person on the first look. The Assumptions made about something or someone as being good and getting into contact with them is wrong since it can lead to diverse challenges. There are some merits which support the idea of relying on stereotype instead of getting into a relationship with someone without knowing their culture (Pinder, 2014). The various problems that affect the same stereotype are discussed in this essay. There are merits of stereotyping which can be useful to someone especially when one is in a new environment. For example, if someone gets married or visits a royal family, some of the assumption made is that the family always acts formally. This stereotyping helps one to respond with manners and be respectful whenever interacting with them (Miner, 2015). The second merit of stereotyping in a relationship is that it can help one to understand the culture and the ethics promptly. Stereotyping also helps to simplify our environments because it helps one to understand different people and define the category they belong. Thus, making it easy to understand and live with people. Stereotyping can also help in reducing conflict levels in circumstances where one relies on it to make correct assumptions about the peoples character and beliefs. Nevertheless, stereotyping also has its dark side. Various challenges are associated with stereotyping. Notably, stereotyping can be misguiding or sometimes end up being completely incorrect leading to an adverse judgment on someone. Going by the proverbial saying that does not judge a book by its cover since the outer look can deceive the reader about the content of the book. Stereotyping in connection to the proverb may lead to misjudgments of the people. This could negatively influence the relationship among the people developing into a broken society. Judging someone because of their culture or the ethics which they subscribe can be wrong at times because that does not necessarily mean that they believe in what their culture is perceived to believe (Bakker Schaufeli, 2008). A good illustration is a scenario where a given community has a cultural belief that the community should not take a specific type of food. Additionally, one should not listen to a particular kind of music; i t would be misleading to conclude that all the members of that community do not take the prohibited kind of food or say assume that all the community members do not listen to the culturally banned music. The appearance of someone or something does not depict their actual character since the person can be completely different from what they look. Organization behavior is the study of human behavior in organization settings which can be used positively to bring diverse people together and interact peacefully and live happily without judging others wrongly. There are theories of organizations that can be applied in the organizational setting. There are classical theories of management, neo-classical management theory and modern theories of management systems. The classical theory of management was founded by three people. Fredrick Taylor came up with scientific management theory, Henry Fayol came up with organizational principles, and max weber came up with bureaucracy theory (Hellriegel, 2010). The Scientific management theory states that there should be a scientific selection of the worker where every employee should be employed considering to his/her qualifications. It further notes that Labor and management in the institution should be utilized effectively by training and developing the employees to be in a position to hand le all the tasks in an organization (Titrek et al., 2014). The scientific management theory closes the loopholes of introducing stereotype in the selection and distribution of duties in an organization. The scientific employment virtues are applied across the board without any form of discrimination. The administrative theory outlines the various principles of management like planning where it was identified which work will be done and who will do it. The principle of staffing gives the recruitment procedure in the organization. Organizing principle is where specific tasks are assigned to a specific employee and also the allocation of working positions or duty stations. The Controlling principle outlines the goals of the standards and ensures that the goals are achieved (Pinder, 2014). The bureaucracy theory is applicable in an organizational setting in that it encourages specialization where each person concentrates on areas where one can be the best. It also advocates for democracy where every member of the organization has the right to an opinion. It is through Bureaucracy where rationality is promoted to allow general and definite criteria for decision making. The neoclassical theory denotes the behavior of people either individually or in groups. Neoclassical theory can be applied in the organizational setting as it exhibits the workgroup, individual and management participatory. This can help the employees to work in a group or individually, and the work will be done in an efficient way (Hellriegel, 2010). Neoclassical theories help to meet emotional needs of people, showing consideration to employees and satisfying their social needs. The Modern theory is relevant to organizational setting because it advocates for the assimilation of changes that occur with time in an organization and around its environment (Somech Drach-Zahavy, 2014). The modern theory mainly majors on the people's contribution to the organization either through technological innovation or environmental conservation. All these theories are geared towards helping people to work together, cooperate and be able to socialize with each other without any form of stereotypic discrimination. Work is divided among employees into what one is best. Workers are trained and can adapt to changes affecting the organization and be able to adapt to those changes (Eder Eisenberger, 2008). Stereotyping in an organization has both merits and demerits. Through stereotyping, the manager can be able to identify those employees who may not be performing as per the organizations requirements. Organizational behavior helps to learn about people and their behavior thus making it very easy to work with them. As organizations continue to grow and diversify, the challenges tend to intensify leading to low productivity. A good illustration can be demonstrated in circumstances where there is an employee- employee conflict or a conflict between an employee and a manager. These have always led to poor performance and hence low productivity (Greenberg, 2012). The challenge of team disagreement has been evident in many organization where a team fails to meet their set targets due to a disagreement among the team members. Managers and concerned leaders should always intervene and create a fair approach to resolving the issues before they escalate into uncontrollable levels. The inherent organizational challenges hurt its environment. The organization management has a vital role to intervene and resolve the various work-related issues before matters get out of the hand. This would also have a direct impact on its environment as the shock of the disputes and conflicts will not be felt (McShane Von Glinow, 2013). The intervening parties, the managers, ought to identify the cause of the problem and carry out an assessment to determine whether the dispute has had an impact on the environment. The managers (intervening parties) should consider applying the various dispute resolution mechanism including but not limited to brainstorming where the employees are invited to present their preferred alternatives. The best option is adopted and then implemented. Cultural, ethical and social concerns should be considered when making decisions. There are certain cultural activities or beliefs which cannot be changed and thus any attempt to interfere with them would eventually be rejected (Luthans et al., 2015). Every Organization has its culture. Every employee must respect the organizational culture which is in congruence with the social culture. There should be no conflict between the organizational culture and the social culture. Ethics being norms of a society or an organization should also be considered when making a decision (Coldwell Callaghan, 2013). These are the morals that govern a persons behavior. The process of decision making should be in a way that does not affect the social life of the people. There are emerging current developments in the organization behavior where analytic tools are formed. Factor analysis and Principle component analysis are helping in measuring the defined behavior parameters. This helps in knowing know the qualitative measure of the subject. Another trend that can be noted is globalization. The organizations activities are operationalized globally. People from different continents can interact without having to move to the location of the organization (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). The adoption of the emerging trend of business process outsourcing has been triggered by the challenge of meeting each customer need. Business process outsourcing creates a good working environment for people and also the flexibility of lifestyle perks. Business process outsourcing attracts young people with skills and high level of education. The aspect of stereotyping has not been effective in most organizations despite the fact that it has some positive contributions. This is evident when one gets into a relationship with someone from another community without knowing their beliefs. The primary challenge of stereotyping is that one can misjudge another person through making wrong assumptions through stereotyping (Olgun et al., 2009). Organizational behavior has become such an essential concept to people and organizations because it helps them to work together even though they are from different cultures. With specialization and division of labor, its sporadic to get people being discriminated in their work as opposed to the application of stereotypes. An organization which adopts organizational behavior setting as outlined in the various supportive theories tends to realize high production since there are minimal disputes and conflicts. This is because organization behavior promotes cooperation and strengthens the bondi ng relationship between the employees and the employers. References Bakker, A.B. and Schaufeli, W.B., (2008) Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of organizational behavior, 29(2), pp.147-154. Coldwell, D. and Callaghan, C., (2013) Specific Organizational Citizenship Behaviours and Organizational Effectiveness: The Development of a Conceptual Heuristic Device. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 44(3), pp.347-367. Eder, P. And Eisenberger, R., (2008) Perceived organizational support: Reducing the negative influence of coworker withdrawal behavior. Journal of Management, 34(1), pp.55-68. Greenberg, J., (2012) Managing behavior in organizations. Pearson Higher Ed. Greenberg, J., (2014) Behavior in Organizations: Global Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Griffin, R.W. and Moorhead, G., (2011) Organizational behaviour. Ceng Hellriegel, D., (2010) Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning. Luthans, F., Luthans, B.C., and Luthans, K.W., (2015) Organizational Behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. Mcshane, S. And Von Glinow, M., (2013) Organizational Behavior. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Age of Learning. Miner, J.B., (2015) Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Olgun, D.O., Waber, B.N., Kim, T., Mohan, A., Ara, K., And Pentland, A., (2009) Sensible organizations: Technology and methodology for automatically measuring organizational behavior. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), 39(1), pp.43-55. Organizational citizenship behavior: A relational perspective. Journal of applied psychology, 95(2), p.395. Pinder, C.C., (2014) Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A., (2014) Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), pp.281-298. Titrek, O., Polatcan, M., Zafer Gunes, D. and Sezen, G., (2014) The relationship among emotional intelligence (EQ), organizational justice (OJ), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). International Journal of Academic Research, 6(1), pp.213-220.

Preventing School Violence Essays - Behavior, Misconduct, Crime

Preventing School Violence The number of extremely violent crimes occurring in schools has been increasing over the last three years. Incidents that deal with school violence occur 16,000 per school day, which is equivalent to once every six seconds (Kipnis 11). School violence has been around since the1950's, but back then it was more an issue of juvenile delinquency than violent behavior (Baker 3). Crime in and around schools is threatening the well being of students, as well as the staff and surrounding communities. When looking at the urgent problem of school violence one must take into account several factors including the characteristics of the offender, the causes for the violence occurring, and the solution techniques. To act out violence, in school, against each other, is the common definition for school violence (Gerson 15). The characteristics of the offender play a great role in being able to prevent school violence. Parenting failure has been found to be the number one cause for the violence occurring in schools (Futrell 2). When students were polled in 2000, seventy-one percent stated that there was a lack of parental supervision in their homes (Futrell 5). Sixty-six percent of those polled also stated that there was little if any family involvement in their school activities (Futrell 5). Students who have been abused, neglected and/or received little support from a caring adult are extremely likely to show their frustrations with violence (Kipnis 2). The home life problems of students definitely contribute to school violence. Currently, fifty-seven percent of children under the age of ten have two working parents or a single parent, and more than ten million students return to empty homes ev eryday (Kipnis 19). Another factor that contributes to school violence is peer pressure (Volkoh 4). Thirty-four percent of students believed that school violence occurs because of peer pressure (Futrell 9). Peers of violent offenders believe that the offenders take place in the violent incidents to fit into a crowd and do not think about the repercussions (Baker 33). Peer pressure is the fastest growing factor contributing to school violence (Gerson 46). Another factor that has been found to contributing to violence occurring in schools is drugs and alcohol. When investigated, prevention groups found no variation in the convenience for students to access drugs and alcohol (Kipnis 73). Students with different family incomes, location, and different ethnic backgrounds had the same access (Kipnis 74). In the last two years the consumption of alcohol during a school violence incident has increased thirty-nine percent (Futrell 6). Society believes that violence occurs only in bad neighborhoods; this is false (Gerson 39). School violence has been found in all neighborhoods. In rural neighborhoods, school violence occurs ten percent of the time, occurs thirty percent in suburban schools, and occurs sixty percent in urban schools (Kipnis 69). Violence is also occurring at all school levels. It has been found that thirty percent of the violence occurs in elementary schools and seventy percent of the time occurs in secondary schools (Kipnis 70). School violence has also been found to occur more in males than females. Males are the victims of school violence eighty-three percent of the time and are the offenders ninety-four percent (Kipnis 4). With violence in schools rising, teachers and parents need to know what to look for in a violent offender. It has been shown that many violent offenders have the same characteristics and give many warning signs, but they go unnoticed (Baker 41). Characteristics that teachers and parents should look for in children are persistent disregard for or refusal to follow rules, lack of interest in school, absence of age-appropriate anger control skills, depression or mood swings, artwork or writing that is bleak or violent or that depicts isolation or anger, and self-isolation from family and friends (Futrell 5). School violence is also taking place with different types of weapons. Since 1997, an increase in guns being used to carry out violent acts in schools has increased three percent (Volokh 14). In 2000, it was shown that in violent acts in school, knives or razors were used fifty-five percent of the time, clubs or baseball bats twenty-five percent of the time, and firearms twenty percent of the time (Volkoh 11). Inner-city